Understanding the intricate functions of the human body necessitates replicating multi-cellular interactions and dynamic organ systems. The 'Organ on a chip,' a microfluidic device emulating organ microenvironments, emerges as a transformative solution. It has potential to reshape drug development, replacing animal testing. Our focus centers on constructing 'organ-on-a-chip' models with multiple cell types using patient-derived cells or organoids, mimicking human organs in diverse states. These in vivo-like models enable innovative drug screening, targeted delivery, and real-time observation. Our goal is safe, targeted nanomedicines for distinct microenvironments, catalyzing breakthroughs in the field.